Uganda continues to experience rapid population and economic growth, driving a significant increase in its energy demand. According to the Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA), as of September 2024, the country’s installed electricity generation capacity stood at 2,048 megawatts (MW), while peak demand was estimated at 987.8 MW, resulting in a surplus of 1,060.2 MW.

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A major boost to Uganda’s energy capacity is now the Karuma Hydropower Station which commenced commercial operations on June 12, 2024, with an installed capacity of 600 MW. This development has further strengthened the country’s energy supply to support its growing industrial and domestic needs.

The National Energy Policy for Uganda 2023 outlines a comprehensive framework to guide the country’s energy transition. Its priorities include:

  • Expanding electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure,
  • Increasing energy efficiency,
  • Promoting alternative and renewable energy sources,
  • Strengthening the policy, legal, and institutional frameworks governing the sector.

Uganda has also developed several sub-sectoral policies to support this strategy, such as the 2008 National Oil and Gas Policy (currently under review), the 2007 Renewable Energy Policy, and the 2018 Electricity Connections Policy.

The country’s energy sector is undergoing significant transformation, with a strong emphasis on enhancing energy access, diversifying the generation mix, and integrating more renewable sources. There is growing investment interest in both on-grid and off-grid solar solutions, wind, and geothermal energy as Uganda moves towards a more sustainable and inclusive energy future.

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